Преждевременная мужская смертность и экономическое благосостояние домохозяйств
Аннотация
В работе на основе на данных Российского мониторинга экономического состояния и здоровья за 2001-2019 гг. (РМЭЗ) оценивается влияние смерти членов семьи, в том числе мужчин трудоспособного возраста, на благосостояние домохозяйств, в которых проживали умершие. Показано, что данные РМЭЗ, несмотря на определенную систематическую ошибку при регистрации смертей респондентов, могут быть использованы для оценки смертности мужчин и лиц трудоспособного возраста.
Показано, что в год смерти члена домохозяйства средние реальные подушевые доходы его семьи растут, т. е. эффект от снижения размера семьи оказывается сильнее эффекта от падения общих доходов. Дело в том, что экономические проблемы домохозяйства, связанные с потерей работоспособных членов семьи, начинаются не в год смерти, а заметно раньше. В связи с этим был рассмотрен более широкий временной диапазон, от 5 лет до смерти члена семьи до 5 лет после нее. Регрессионный анализ процессов попадания в бедность и выхода из нее показал, что смерть членов семьи оказывает негативное влияние на благосостояние других членов домохозяйства. В случае смерти мужчины трудоспособного возраста домохозяйства сталкиваются с повышенными рисками попадания в бедность в течение 1-5 лет до и после этого события.
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