Крестьянские переселения в 1920-е годы (из истории миграции в России)
Аннотация
Трансформация миграции после октября 1917 г., неизбежная в силу коренного переустройства политической и социально-экономической системы общества, означала изменение характеристик основных ее видов. Теоретические основы трансформации миграции были заложены в годы военного коммунизма и востребованы в конце 1920-х годов.
В силу объективных и субъективных причин трансформация не могла не затронуть миграцию крестьян в многоземельные районы, которая была тесно связана с довоенным этапом переселения и колонизации и оставалась в 1920-е годы одной из центральных проблем. В характерных чертах регулирования этих процессов (позднем открытии планового переселения в 1924-1925 гг. и закрытии переселения индивидуальных крестьянских хозяйств в 1930 г., «отмене» термина «колонизация») проявилось отношение к процессам, сыгравших большую роль в истории России. Но короткому времени, отведенному переселению и колонизации в 1920-е годы, предшествовал период, насыщенный масштабным движением крестьян в Азиатскую Россию, обсуждением перспектив этого процесса. Поэтому в 1920-е годы невозможно было не учитывать довоенные тенденции и последствия переселения, большой опыт переселенческого дела - информационный, законодательный и организационный. «Проводниками» такого опыта были ученые и специалисты. Часть из них работала в бывшем Переселенческом управлении. Однако попытка «возрождения» переселения противоречила планам государства. В конце 1920-х годов состояние переселения оценивалось как кризисное. Одновременно были прекращены исследования колонизации и переселения.
Фактически переселение крестьян с 1880-х до конца 1920-х годов было единым процессом. Это обстоятельство определило структуру статьи. При этом наименее изученным является последний этап - переселение в 1920-е годы.
Скачивания
Литература
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