Особенности исследований сексуальной ориентации: демографические характеристики российских гомосексуалов

  • Дмитрий Сергеевич Толкачев Национальный Исследовательский Университет «Высшая Школа Экономики»
Ключевые слова: сексуальная ориентация, ЛГБТ, гомосексуальность, демография сексуальности, квир, российские гомосексуалы

Аннотация

В демографии как один из видов демографического поведения рассматривается сексуальное. Сексуальная ориентация – наиболее широкий термин, предполагающий несколько концепций, от которых зависит дизайн исследования. Сексуальное поведение, сексуальная идентичность и сексуальное влечение требуют различных исследовательских подходов и способов измерения.

В настоящей статье предложен обзор современных направлений в концептуализации и измерении сексуальной ориентации, а также приведено описание демографических данных, полученных в ходе опроса российских гомосексуалов (n=390).

В исследованиях сексуальности в социальных науках можно выделить 3 основных подхода: эссенциалистский, конструтивисткий и квир-подход. Они различаются пониманием истоков (гомо)сексуальности и трактовками ориентации (как идентичности, поведения или влечения). В статье предлагаются варианты формулировок вопросов для измерения сексуальной ориентации в рамках трёх подходов, а также обзор методологических ограничений – проблемы выборки и определения генеральной совокупности.

Мы приводим результаты общероссийского ЛГБТ-опроса и даём описание данных о российских гомосексуалах (геях и лесбиянках). Полученные данные позволяют охарактеризовать возраст осознания и принятия сексуальной ориентации, возраст сексуального дебюта, опыт каминг-аута родственникам, друзьям и коллегам, отношения с родственниками, опыт насилия и дискриминации, доверие органам власти.

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Опубликован
2021-10-22
Как цитировать
ТолкачевД. С. (2021). Особенности исследований сексуальной ориентации: демографические характеристики российских гомосексуалов. Демографическое обозрение, 8(3), 74-95. https://doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v8i3.13267
Раздел
Оригинальные статьи