HIV/AIDS is reducing the number of Russians and their life expectancy

Vadim Pokrovsky; Natalia Ladnaia; Anastasia Pokrovskaya

doi:10.17323/demreview.v4i5.8568

Vadim Pokrovsky Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
Natalia Ladnaia Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
Anastasia Pokrovskaya Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v4i5.8568

Ключевые слова: HIV, age, incidence, prevalence, ways of transmission, mortality, AIDS

Аннотация

The spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an infection which is life-long and after a few years leads to the development of the deadly acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), has led to a pandemic of HIV/AIDS affecting the size and life expectancy of the world's population. The article presents data on the incidence of HIV infection and related mortality in the Russian Federation collected and systematized by the authors. In Russia, around 100,000 new cases of HIV are registered annually. The total number has reached 1 million, with the share of AIDS-related deaths relentlessly approaching 1% of total mortality from all causes, and in the 30–39 age group exceeding 5%. HIV represents nearly 50% of all deaths from infectious diseases, and is causing an overall growth in the number of such diseases. There is a direct threat of a further increase in HIV/AIDS-related deaths, as HIV-infected Russians comprise 1% of Russia's population aged 15-49. The group most affected by HIV are those aged 35-39: 2% of them are living with HIV. In the 30-34 age group, the proportion of persons with HIV is approaching 2%, and in the 40-44 age group it exceeds 1%. The growing proportion of heterosexual transmissions of HIV and the increasing number of HIV-infected women are alarming signs of the HIV epidemic’s spillover from intravenous drug users into the general population, making the economic impact of the epidemic even worse. It is necessary to prevent further losses in the most productive part of the population by introducing more efficient HIV prevention strategies and expanding access to treatment of people living with HIV.

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока не доступны.

Литература

Andreev E.M., E.A. Kvasha, T.L. Kharkova (2016). Smertnost' v Moskve i drugikh megapolisakh mira: skhodstva i razlichiya [Mortality in Moscow and other megacities and differences] // Demograficheskoe obozrenie [Demographic review]. 3(3): 39-79.

VOZ [WHO] (2013). Vsemirnaya organizatsiya zdravookhraneniya [World health organization]. Svodnoe rukovodstvo po ispol'zovaniyu antiretrovirusnykh preparatov dlya lecheniya i profilaktiki VICh-infektsii [Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection]. URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/248298/Consolidated-Guidelines-Rus.pdf (accessed 05.02.2017).

VOZ [WHO] (2014). Vsemirnaya organizatsiya zdravookhraneniya [World health organization]. 10 vedushchikh prichin smerti v mire. Informatsionnyy byulleten' [The top 10 causes of death worldwide]. 310. URL: http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/ru (accessed 05.02.2017).

Demograficheskaya modernizatsiya Rossii, 1900–2000 [Demographic modernization in Russia, 1900–2000] (2006) / A.G.Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Novoe izdatel'stvo. 601 p.

Denisov B.P., V.I. Sakevich (2004). Dinamika epidemii VICh/SPID [The dynamics of the HIV] // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 1: 75-85.

Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut narkologii [Research institute of narcology] (2016). Osnovnye pokazateli deyatel'nosti narkologicheskoy sluzhby v Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2014-2015 godakh [Key indicators of substance abuse services in the Russian Federation in 2014-2015]. URL: http://nncn.ru/2_732.html (accessed 05.02.2017).

Pokrovskaya A.V., N.V. Kozyrina, Yu.Sh.Gushchina., O.G. Yurin, Z.K.Suvorova, V.V. Pokrovsky (2016). Sotsial'no-demograficheskiy portret patsienta, zhivushchego s VICh i poseshchayushchego tsentry SPID v Rossii [Socio-demographic portrait of patients living with HIV who visiting AIDS centers in Russia] // Terapevticheskiy arkhiv [Therapeutic Archives]. 88(11): 12-16.

Pokrovskaya A.V., A.A. Popova, N.N. Ladnaia , O.G. Yurin (2014). Prodolzhitel'nost' techeniya VICh-infektsii i vliyayushchie na nee faktory [The duration of an HIV infection course and its influencing factors] // Terapevticheskiy arkhiv [Therapeutic Archives]. 86 (11): 20-23.

Pokrovsky V.V. (2004a). VICh-infektsiya v Rossii: prognoz [HIV infection in Russia: prognosis] // Voprosy virusologi [Questions of Virology]. 49(3): 31-35.

Pokrovsky V.V. (2004b). Sotsial'no znachimye infektsii v XXI veke [Socially important infections in the XXI century] // Narodonaselenie [Population]. 3(25): 93-96.

Pokrovsky V.V. (2007). Infektsii i demografiya [Infections and demography] // Terapevticheskiy arkhiv [Therapeutic Archives]. 79(11): 5-9.

Rospotrebnadzor [Rospotrebnadzor] (2011). Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie pravila SP 3.1.5.2826-10 [Sanitary rules SP 3.1.5.2826-10]. URL: http://rospotrebnadzor.ru (accessed 01.02.2017).

Rosstat [Rosstat] (2015). Demograficheskiy ezhegodnik Rossii, 2015: Statisticheskiy sbornik [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia, 2015: Statistical Handbook]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2015/demo15.pdf (accessed 02.02.2017).

Rosstat [Rosstat] (2016). Smertnost' naseleniya po prichinam smerti v 2015 godu (Obnovlenie ot 26.05.2016) [Mortality by cause of death in 2015 (Updated on 05.26.2016)]. URL: http://gks.ru (accessed 01.02.2017).

Fukuyama F. (2006). Sil'noe gosudarstvo: Upravlenie i mirovoy poryadok v XXI veke [State Building: Governance and world order in the 21st century]. Moscow: AST: AST. MOSKVA: KHRANITEL’.

YuNEYDS [UNAIDS] (2016). Global'naya statistika – 2015 g. Informatsionnyy byulleten' [Global statistics – 2015. Informational bulletin]. URL: http://unaids.org (accessed 02.02.2017).

CDC (2016). Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS. URL: http://cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html (accessed 01.02.2017).

Croxford S., A. Kitching, S. Desai et al. (2016). Mortality and causes of death in people diagnosed with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with the general population: an analysis of a national observational cohort // Lancet. 2667(16): 30020-30022.

HIV and AIDS… (2016). HIV and AIDS data hub for ASIA and Pacific. Key facts on HIV in Asia and the Pacific (2015). URL: http://aidsdatahub.org (accessed 05.02.2017).

Marcus J.L., C.R. Chao, W.A. Leyden, L. Xu et al. (2016). Narrowing the gap in life expectancy for HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals // Conference on Retroviruses and opportunistic infections (CROI) 2016, Boston, abs 54.

May M.T., M. Gompels, V. Delpech, Kh. Porter et al. (2014). Impact on life expectancy of HIV-1 positive individuals of CD4+ cell count and viral load response to antiretroviral therapy // AIDS. 28(8): 1193–1202.

Statistics South Africa (2016). Statistical release P0302 «Mid-year population estimates 2015». URL: http://statssa.gov.za (accessed 02.02.2017).

U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (2016). National drug threat assessment summary. URL: https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=797265 (accessed 02/02/2017).

UNAIDS (2007). Using the workbook method to make HIV/AIDS estimates in countries with low-level or concentrate epidemic. URL: http://data.unaids.org/pub/Manual/2007/workbook_manual_2007_en.pdf (accessed 02/02/2017).

UNAIDS (2015). Strategy 2016-2021. URL: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2015/UNAIDS_PCB37_15-18 (accessed 02.02.2017).