Межрегиональная миграция в России: возрастные особенности
Аннотация
Статья посвящена анализу возрастной структуры внутренней миграции населения по регионам России. Базой для работы послужили данные о возрастном составе межрегиональных мигрантов в регионах России за 2011-2015 гг. в разрезе однолетних возрастных групп, а также о численности населения регионов России по однолетним группам. В анализе для группировки регионов применяли метод кластеризации (по показателю доли прибывших/выбывших в отдельных возрастных группах к общему числу мигрантов) регионов методом k-средних с использованием программы SPSS. Как и в других странах, пик интенсивности миграции приходится на молодые возраста, он связан с массовым получением высшего образования. Далее с увеличением возраста миграционная активность падает. Некоторые возрастные профили миграции содержат затем вторичный пик в ранних пожилых возрастах, сопряженных с выходом на пенсию, возможностями переезда на территории, более отвечающие запросам 50-60-летних людей, либо с возвратной миграцией. Анализ выявил значительные различия между российскими регионами по возрастному профилю межрегиональной миграции – как входящих потоков (прибытий), так и исходящих (выбытий). Основные отличительные признаки – степень выраженности молодежного пика, наличие иных возрастных пиков.
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Литература
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