The Russian revolution of 1917 through the prism of demographic modernization
Аннотация
In late imperial Russia demographic indicators improved, the efficiency of population replacement increased somewhat, a certain rationalization of demographic behavior occurred, and intra-familial relations were humanized. But arguably the most important changes were that a significant part of the population began to differentiate sexual, matrimonial, and reproductive behavior and to develop individual birth control, changes regarded in demography as criteria for the first demographic transition. The primary explanation for these positive changes lies in the participation in this demographic revolution of approximately 14 percent of Russian citizens, mainly from the educated and affluent population living in large cities, as well as Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant residents of the western regions. The majority of the rural and urban population, of Orthodox, Muslim, pagan, and other non-Christian religious affiliations (approximately 86 percent of the entire population), was superficially affected by the new trends. People who were actively and consciously drawn into the demographic transition, who had been transformed psychologically, mentally, and culturally, were also receptive to innovation in the social, political, cultural, and economic spheres and were the most prepared for and willing to refashion social life on a bourgeois-democratic basis. Their numbers were sufficient for the slow, gradual, overall modernization of the country, but inadequate for rapid and profound revolutionary bourgeois-democratic transformations. Consequently, the Revolution of 1917 proved premature. Political midwives hurried and artificially hastened the birth of a new Russia. The newborn was born preterm. As a result, the revolution could not meet the challenges set by its leaders and organizers.
Скачивания
Литература
Arkhiv Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo etnograficheskogo muzeia (RGEM), f. 7 (Etnograficheskoe biuro V.N. Tenisheva), op. 1, dd. 32, 68, 216, 279, 401, 431, 473, 499, 517, 519, 552 [Archive of the Russian State Ethnographic Museum (RGEM), fond 7 (Ethnographic bureau of V.N. Tenishev), register 1, files 32, 68, 216, 279, 401, 431, 473, 499, 517, 519, 552].
Arkhiv Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva (RGO), razriad 14 (Kazanskaia guberniia), op. 1, dd. 1, 2, 3; razriad 29 (Permskaia guberniia), op. 1, d. 62 [Archive of the Russian Geographical Society (RGO), series 14 (Kazan gubernia), register 1, files 1, 2, 3; series 29 (Perm gubernia), register 1, file 62].
Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv (RGIA), f. 796 (Kantseliariia Sinoda), op. 138, d. 2476 (Poltavskaia gubernia) [Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), fond 796 (Chancellery of the Synod), register 138, file 2476.
Adorno T. (2001). Issledovanie avtoritarnoy lichnosti [The authoritarian personality]. Moscow: Serebryanye niti. 416 p.
Afinogenov A.O. (1903). Zhizn' zhenskogo naseleniya Ryazanskogo uezda v period detorodnoy deyatel'nosti zhenshchiny [The life of the female population of the Ryazan uyezd during the period of reproductive activities of women]. Saint Petersburg. 136 p.
Avdeev A. (2008). Mladencheskaya smertnost' i istoriya okhrany materinstva i detstva v Rossii i SSSR [Infant mortality and the history of the protection of motherhood and childhood in Russia and the Soviet Union]. Demograficheskie issledovaniya [Demographic research]. 14. Istoricheskaya demografiya [Historical demography] / M.B. Denisenko, I.A. Troickaja, eds. Moscow: MAKS Press: 14-73.
Bagalej D.I., D.P. Miller (1912). Istoriya goroda Khar'kova za 250 let ego sushchestvovaniya (s 1655 po 1905 g.) [The history of the city of Kharkiv’s 250 years of existence (1655–905)]. T.2. Khar'kov: Izdatel'stvo Khar'kovskogo gorodskogo obshchestvennogo upravleniya. 986 p.
Balov A.V. (1898). Ocherki Poshekhon'ya [Essays of Poshekhonye]. Ottisk iz zhurnala «Etnograficheskoe obozrenie» [Reprint from the journal «Ethnographic review»]. Moscow: 1-20.
Bechasnov P. (1893). Statisticheskie dannye o razvodakh i nedeystvitel'nykh brakakh za 1867—1886 gg. (po eparkhiyam Evropeyskoy Rossii) [Statistics on divorces and invalid marriages for 1867-1886. (dioceses of European Russia)]. Saint Petersburg: Tsentral'nyy statisticheskiy komitet Ministerstva vnutrennikh del. 33 p.
Beljakova E. V. (2002). «Bab'i stony»: Kak razvodilis' v Rossiyskoy imperii ["Indian moaning": divorce in the Russian Empire] // Rodina [Homeland]. 7: 63-67.
Bellin Je.F. (1889). Otravleniya azotnoy kislotoy v svyazi s sistematicheskim upotrebleniem ee dlya tseley plodoizgnaniya [Poisoning with nitric acid in connection with the systematic use of it for the purposes of expelling a fetus] // Vestnik obshchestvennoy gigieny, sudebnoy i prakticheskoy meditsiny [Bulletin of public hygiene, forensic and practical medicine]. 1 (1): 20-36.
Bezgin V.B. (2004). Krest'yanskaya povsednevnost' (traditsiya kontsa XIX—nachala ХХ v.) [Peasant daily life (tradition of the late XIX–early XX century)]. Moscow; Tambov: Izdatel'stvo TGTU. 303 p.
Bobrovsky P. (1863). Grodnenskaya guberniya: v 2 t. [Grodno province: in 2 vol.]. 1. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Departamenta General'nogo shtaba. 138 p.
Bocharov V.V. (2007). Irratsional'nost' i vlast' v politicheskoy kul'ture Rossii [Irrationality and power in the political culture of Russia] // Antropologiya vlasti [Anthropology of power]. Khrestomatiya po politicheskoy antropologii: v 2 t. [A reader in political anthropology: in 2 vol] / V.V. Bocharov, ed. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. 2: 203-217.
Borjakovsky A.G. (1893). O vrede sredstv, prepyatstvuyushchikh zachatiyu [About the dangers of means to prevent conception] // Vrach [Doctor]. 32: 886-887.
Boyarskiy A. I. (1975). Naselenie i metody ego izucheniya [Population and methods of its study]. Moscow: Statistika: 225-238.
Bridger S. (1992). Soviet Rural Women: Employment and family life // Russian peasant women / В. Farnsworth, L.Viola, eds. New York: Oxford university press: 271-293.
Bruk S.I., V.M. Kabuzan (1980). Dinamika etnicheskogo sostava naseleniya Rossii v epokhu imperializma (konets XIX-1917 g.) [Dynamics of ethnic composition of the population of Russia in the age of imperialism (late XIX–1917)] // Istoriya SSSR [History of the USSR]. 3: 74-93.
Bulgakova L. A. (2008). Vnebrachnaya rozhdaemost' v dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii (K voprosu ob odnoy demograficheskoy zagadke) [Extra-marital fertility in pre-revolutionary Russia (On the question of a demographic mystery)] // Stranitsy istorii [Pages of history]. Cb. nauch. statey, posvyashchennykh 65-letiyu prof. G.A. Tishkina [Collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the 65th anniversary of Professor G.A. Tishkin] / R.Sh. Ganelina, ed. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'skiy Dom Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta: 367-380.
Bulgakova L.A. (2009). Nevenchannye soldatki: bor'ba za priznanie [Unwed women of the military estate: the struggle for recognition] // Vlast', obshchestvo i reformy v Rossii v XIX-nachale XX veka: issled., istoriografiya, istochnikovedenie [Government, society and reforms in Russia in XIX-early XX centuries: research, historiography, source studies]. Antologiya [Anthology] / A.N. Camutali, ed. Saint Petersburg: Olearius Press: 183-214.
Bushnell Dzh. (2011). Polovoe vozderzhanie i tselibat v prikhode Kuplya Gorokhovetskogo uezda Vladimirskoy gubernii v 1750-e—1830-e gg. [Sexual abstinence and celibacy in the parish of Kupel, Gorokhovets district of Vladimir province in 1750–1830] // Staroobryadchestvo: Istoriya; Kul'tura; Sovremennost' [Old Believers: History; Culture; Modernity]. Materialy X Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Materials of the Xth Intern. scientific-practical conference]. V 2 t. [In 2 vol.]. 2. URL: http://www.borovskold.ru/content.php?page=lonuemcd_rus&id=115 (accessed: 05.10.2017).
Byt velikorusskikh krest'yan-zemlepashtsev [The daily life of the Great Russian peasant-farmers] (1993). Opisanie materialov Etnograficheskogo byuro knyazya V.N. Tenisheva (na primere Vladimirskoy gubernii) [Description of materials of Ethnographic Bureau of Prince V.N. Tenishev (on the example of Vladimir province)] / B.M. Firsov, I.G. Kiseleva, author-eds. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Evropeyskogo Doma. 471 p.
Caturova M.K. (2011). Tri veka russkogo razvoda (XVI-XVIII veka) [Three centuries of Russian divorce (XVI-XVIII century)]. Moscow: Logos. 285 p.
Chlenov M.A. (1907). Polovaya perepis' moskovskogo studenchestva [Sex census of Moscow students] // Russkiy vrach [Russian doctor]. 31-32: 1072-1111.
Chuhnin P.N. (1894). K statistike vykidyshey i prezhdevremennykh rodov sredi narodonaseleniya Rossii [The statistics of miscarriages and premature births among the population of Russia] // Trudy pyatogo s"ezda Obshchestva russkikh vrachey v pamyat' N.I. Pirogova [Proceedings of the fifth Congress of the N.I. Pirogov Society of Russian physicians]. V 2 t. [In 2 vol.]. 1. Saint Petersburg. XCIV, 712, 51 p.
Demograficheskaya modernizatsiya Rossii [Demographic modernization of Russia, 1900-2000] (2006) / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Novoe izdatel'stvo. 599 p.
Denisenko M.B., Zh.P. Dalla Zuanna (2001). Seksual'noe povedenie rossiyskoy molodezhi [Sexual behavior of Russian youth] // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological research]. 2: 83-87.
D'jachkov V.L. (2003). Faktory brachno-semeynogo povedeniya zhenshchin v XX v. v zerkale ustnoy istorii [Factors of marital and family behavior of women in the twentieth century in the mirror of oral history] // Zhenskaya povsednevnost' v Rossii v ХVIII-ХХ vv. [Women's everyday life in Russia in XVIII-XX centuries]. Materialy mezhdunar. nauch. konf., 25 sentyabrya [Materials of the international scientific conference, September 25] / P.P. Shherbinin, ed. Tambov: Izd-vo TGU. 206–214.
Dreksler K.I. (1929). Predokhranitel'nye sredstva v sovremennom brake ili kak predokhranit' sebya ot beremennosti, ne pribegaya k abortu [Precautionary means in a modern marriage or how to protect yourself from pregnancy without resorting to abortion] (1929). Minsk: Avtor. 103 p.
Dvenadtsatyy s"ezd Obshchestva russkikh vrachey v pamyat' N.I. Pirogova [The twelfth Congress of the N.I. Pirogov Society of Russian physicians] (1913). Vyp. 2 [Vyp. 2]. Saint Petersburg. 109 p.
Dvizhenie naseleniya v Evropeyskoy Rossii po gruppam guberniy [Population movement in European Russia by groups of provinces] (1865). 1861-1865. 5 p.
Dvizhenie naseleniya v Rossiyskoy imperii za 1867 god [Population movement in the Russian Empire in 1867] (1872). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya MVD. 461 p.
Dvizhenie naseleniya v Rossiyskoy imperii za 1910 god [Population movement in the Russian empire in 1910] (1916). Petrograd: Tipografiya Shtaba Petrogradskogo voennogo okruga. 251 p.
Edmondson L.H. (1984). The feminist movement in Russia: 1900—1917. Stanford, CA: Stanford university press. 351 p.
Engelstein L. (1991). Abortion and the civic order: the legal and medical debates // Russia’s women: accommodation, resistance, transformation / B.E. Clements, B.A. Engel, Ch. D. Worobec, eds. Berkeley, СA et al.: University of California press: 185-207.
Engelstein L. (1992). The keys to happiness: sex and the search for modernity in fin-de-siècle Russia. Ithaca; London: Cornell university press. 480 p.
Ershov S. (1898). Materialy dlya sanitarnoy statistiki Sviyazhskogo uezda: Opyt sravnitel'noy demografii russkoy i tatarskoy narodnostey [Materials for health statistics of Sviyazhsk uyezd: An attempt at a comparative demography of the Russian and Tatar peoples]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Yablonskogo i Perott. 197 p.
Farnsworth B. (1992). Rural women and the law: divorce and property rights in the 1920s // Russian peasant women / В. Farnsworth, L. Viola, eds. New York: Oxford university press: 167-188.
Favr V.V. (1910). K voprosu o polovykh snosheniyakh, o venericheskikh boleznyakh i onanizme uchashcheysya molodezhi: rezul'taty khar'kovskoy ankety sredi studentov [On the question of sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted diseases and masturbation of students: results of questionnaire Kharkiv among students]. Kharkov: Tipografiya «Pechatnoe delo»: 1-19.
Fedorov V.A. (1994). Mat' i ditya v russkoy derevne (konets XIX-nachalo ХХ v.) [Mother and child in the Russian village (the end of XIXth-beginning of XXth centuries)] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta [The Moscow University Herald]. Seriay 8: Istoriya [Series 8: History]. 4: 3-21.
Fenomenov M.Ja. (1925). Sovremennaya derevnya: Opyt kraevedcheskogo obsledovaniya odnoy derevni (derevnya Gadyshi, Valdayskogo uezda, Novgorodskoy gubernii) [The modern village: the experience of the regional survey of one village (village Hadishi, Valdai uyezd, Novgorod province)]. 2. [Moscow; Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo. 211 p.
Freeze G.L. (1990). Bringing order to the Russian family: marriage and divorce in Imperial Russia, 1760-1860 // The journal of modern history. 62 (4): 709-746.
Freeze G.L. (2006). Profane narratives about a holy sacrament: marriage and divorce in late Imperial Russia // Sacred stories: religion and spirituality in modern Russia / M. Steinberg, H. Coleman, eds. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana university press: 146-178.
Friz G. (2009). Mirskie narrativy. o svyashchennom tainstve: brak i razvod v pozdneimperskoy Rossii [Worldly narratives about a Holy sacrament: marriage and divorce in late Imperial Russia] // Pravoslavie: Konfessiya, instituty, religioznost' (XVII—XX vv.) [Orthodoxy: Confession, institutions, religiosity (XVII—XX centuries)]. Sbornik statey [A collection of articles] / M. Dolbilov, P. Rogoznyy, eds. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Evropeyskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge: 122-175.
Gernet M.N. (1911). Detoubiystvo: sotsiologicheskoe i sravnitel'no-yuridicheskoe issledovanie [Infanticide: a sociological and comparative-legal study]. Moscow: Tipografiya Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo universiteta. 318 p.
Gernet M.N. (1916). Istreblenie ploda s ugolovno-sotsiologicheskoy tochki zreniya [The extermination of the fetus from the criminal-sociological point of view] // Otchet X obshchego sobraniya Russkoy gruppy Mezhdunarodnogo soyuza kriminalistov 13-16 fevralya 1914 g. v Peterburge [Report of the X General meeting of the Russian group of the International Union of criminologists 13-16 Feb 1914 in St. Petersburg]. Petrograd: 233-277.
Giljarovsky F.V. (1866). Issledovanie o rozhdenii i smertnosti detey v Novgorodskoy gubernii [A study on birth and mortality of children in Novgorod province]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya K. Vul'fa. 664 p.
Golod S.I. (1996). ХХ vek i tendentsii seksual'nykh otnosheniy v Rossii [The twentieth century and trends in sexual relations in Russia]. Saint Petersburg: Aleteyya. 191 p.
Goroda Rossii v 1910 godu [Cities of Russia in 1910] (1914). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya N.L. Nurkina. 1200 p.
Grigoryev I. (1883). O polevoi deiatel’nosti zhenshchin Myshkinskogo uezda Iaroslavskoi gubernii [On the sexual activity of women of the Myshkin district of the Yaroslavl gubernia]. Vrachebnye vedomosti. 21/23.
Hajnal J. (1965). European marriage patterns in perspective // Population in history / D.D. Glass, D.E.С. Eversley, eds. London : Edward Arnold publishers: 101–143.
Hanykov Ja.V. (1851). Ocherk istorii meditsinskoy politsii v Rossii [Essay on the history of medical law in Russia]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva vnutrennikh del. 114 p.
Hlopin G., I. Erisman (1899). Meditsina i narodnoe zdravie [Medicine and public health] // Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' [Encyclopedic dictionary] / F.A. Brokgauz, I.A. Efron, eds. 27-a: Rossiya [Russia]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Aktsionernogo obshchestva «Izdatel'skoe delo»: 214-227.
Istoriko-statisticheskie tablitsy po Yaroslavskoy gubernii za 1862-1898 gg. [Historical and statistical tables on Yaroslavl province for 1862-1898] (1901). Yaroslavl: Tipografiya Gubernskoy zemskoy upravy. 87 p.
Ivanicky N. (1898). Sol'vychegodskiy krest'yanin, obstanovka ego zhizni i deyatel'nost' [Solvychegodsk peasant, the circumstances of his life and activities] // Zhivaya starina [Living antiquity]. 1 (8): 3–74.
Ivanilova E.P. (2002). Problema sushchestvovaniya grazhdanskikh brakov v Tambovskoy gubernii, XIX v. [The problem of the existence of civil marriages in Tambov province, XIX century] // Sotsial'naya istoriya rossiyskoy provintsii v kontekste modernizatsii agrarnogo obshchestva v XVII-XX vv. [Social history of the Russian province in the context of modernization of agrarian society in the XVII—XX centuries]. Materialy mezhdunar. konf., may [Materials of Intern. conf., may] / V.V. Kanishhev, ed. Tambov: Izdatel'stvo TGU: 127–129.
Jakovlev Ja. (1923). Derevnya kak ona est' [The village as it is]. Moscow: Krasnaya nov'. 132 p.
Jakovlev Ja. (1924). Nasha derevnya: Novoe v starom i staroe v novom [Our village: the new in the old and the old in the new]. Moscow: Krasnaya nov'. 180 p.
Jukina I.I. (2007). Russkiy feminizm kak vyzov sovremennosti [Russian feminism as a challenge of modernity]. Saint Petersburg: Aleteyya Istoricheskaya kniga. 539 p.
Karahanov M.K. (1977). Demograficheskie protsessy v Sredney Azii vo vtoroy polovine XIX stoletiya [Demographic processes in Central Asia in the second half of the nineteenth century] // Brachnost', rozhdaemost', smertnost' v Rossii i v SSSR [Marriages, births and deaths in Russia and in the USSR] / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Statistika: 191-213.
Kechedzhi-Shapovalov M.V. (1902). Zhenskoe dvizhenie v Rossii i za granitsey [The women's movement in Russia and abroad]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya E. Evdokimova. 210 p.
Kon I.S. (1990). Vvedenie v seksologiyu [Introduction to sexology]. Moscow: Meditsina. 336 p.
Kon I.S. (1997). Seksual'naya kul'tura v Rossii: Klubnichka na berezke [Sexual culture in Russia: Strawberry on the birch]. Moscow: O.G.I. 460 p.
Kotlova T.B. (2002). Zamuzhestvo i razvod v zhizni gorozhanki na rubezhe XIX—ХХ vv. (po materialam tsentral'nykh guberniy Rossii) [Marriage and divorce in the life of urban women at the turn of XIX—XX centuries (based on materials of the central provinces of Russia)] // Adam i Eva [Adam and Eve]. 3: 154-172.
Kradeckaja S.V. (2012). Grazhdanskaya identichnost' feministok v Rossii v nachale XX v.: diss. … kand. ist. nauk. [Civic identity of feminists in Russia in the early XX century: abstract Ph.D]. Moscow.
Krjukova S.S. (1992). Brachnye traditsii yuzhnorusskikh guberniy vo II pol. XIX v. [Marital customs of the southern Russian provinces in the second half of the XIXth century.] // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [The ethnographic review]. 4: 41–50.
Kulisher E.M. (1916). Nakazuemost' aborta [The punishment for abortion]. Otchet X obshchego sobraniya Russkoy gruppy Mezhdunarodnogo soyuza kriminalistov 13-16 fevralya 1914 g. v Peterburge [Report of the Xth General meeting of the Russian group of the International Union of criminologists 13-16 Feb 1914 in St. Petersburg]. Petrograd: 245-255.
Laptev M. (1861). Kazanskaya guberniya [Kazan province]. Saint Petersburg: Voennaya tipografiya. 616 p.
Latkin V.N. (1909). Uchebnik istorii russkogo prava perioda imperii: (XVIII i XIX st.) [A textbook of the history of Russian law of the period of the Empire: (XVIII and XIX centuries)]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Montvida. 644 p.
Lebina N. (2007). «Navstrechu mnogochislennym zayavleniyam trudyashchikhsya zhenshchin…»: Abortnaya politika kak zerkalo sovetskoy sotsial'noy zaboty // Sovetskaya sotsial'naya politika 1920-kh—1930-kh godov: ideologiya i povsednevnost' ["To meet the numerous allegations of women workers...": Abortion policy as a mirror of Soviet social care // Soviet social policy 1920s—1930s: ideology and everyday life] / P. Romanov, E. Yarskaya-Smirnova, eds. Moscow: Variant: 228-241.
Leshhenko V.Ju. (2004). Russkaya sem'ya (XI-XIX vv.) [The Russian Family (XI-XIX c.)]. Saint Petersburg: SPGUTD. 607 p.
Lipinsky A.I. (1868). Simbirskaya guberniya [Simbirsk province]. V 2 chastyakh [In 2 parts]. 2. Saint Petersburg: Voennaya tipografiya. 761 p.
Livi Bachchi M. (2010). Demograficheskaya istoriya Evropy [The demographic history of Europe]. Saint Petersburg: Alexandria. 298 p.
Lukanin A. (1878). Naselenie Okhanskogo uezda Permskoy gubernii po sosloviyam, vozrastam i semeynomu sostavu [The population of Okhansk district of Perm province on estates, ages, and family composition] // Zapiski Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva po otdeleniyu statistiki [Notes of the RGS, Department of statistics]. 5. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya V. Kirshbauma.
Maksimova T.O. (1998). Razvod po-russki [Divorce the Russian way] // Rodina [Homeland]. 9: 55–60.
Marchenko O.V. (1977). Indeksy rozhdaemosti po 50 guberniyam Evropeyskoy Rossii v kontse XIX v. [Indices of fertility for 50 provinces of European Russia in the late nineteenth century] // Brachnost', rozhdaemost', smertnost' v Rossii i v SSSR [Nuptiality, fertility, and mortality in Russia and in the USSR] / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Statistika: 128-137.
Mareeva E.P. (2001). Muzhchiny i zhenshchiny pri zaklyuchenii i rastorzhenii braka v ХIХ v. (po materialam Tambovskoy eparkhii) [Men and women in the conclusion and dissolution of marriage in the XIXth century (on materials of Tambov diocese)] // Ot muzhskikh i zhenskikh k gendernym issledovaniyam [From men's and women's studies to gender studies]. Materialy mezhdunar. nauch. konf., 20 aprelya [Proceedings of the international. scientific. Conf., 20 Apr.] / P.P. Shherbinin, ed. Tambov: Izdatel'stvo TGU: 38-42.
Mareeva E.P. (2003). Problema polucheniya zhenshchinami prava na otdel'noe ot supruga prozhivanie (na materialakh Tambovskoy gubernii, ХIХ -nachalo ХХ v.) [The problem of women obtaining the right to live separately from a spouse (on materials of Tambov province of XIX-beginning of XX century)] // Zhenskaya povsednevnost' v Rossii v XVIII-XX vv. [Women's everyday life in Russia in XVIII-XX centuries]. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 25 sentyabrya [Materials of the international scientific conference, 25 sept.] / P.P. Shherbinin, ed. Tambov: Izdatel'stvo TGU: 33-37.
Materialy po izucheniyu detskoy smertnosti v Saratovskoy gubernii s 1902 po 1904 g. [Materials for the study of child mortality in the Saratov province from 1902 to 1904] (1908). V 3 vyp. [In 3 parts]. 2 / N.I. Tezjakov, comp. Saratov: Saratovskoe gubernskoe zemstvo. 285 p.
McLaren A. (1990). A history of contraception from antiquity to the present. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass., USA: B. Blackwell. 275 p.
Mel'cin M. O. (1999). Sud'by starinnogo rossiyskogo dvoryanstva v kontse XVIII-nachale XX veka: Knyaz'ya Dolgorukovy v sisteme obshchestvennykh otnosheniy: diss. … kand. ist. nauk [The fate of the old Russian nobility in the late XVIII-early XX century: The Dolgorukov princes in the system of social relations: PhD abstract]. Saint Petersburg.
Mihajlov V.M. (1895). Srednie russkie akusherskie itogi za pyat'desyat let po materialam pechatnykh otchetov rodovspomogatel'nykh uchrezhdeniy, 1840—1890 [The average Russian obstetric outcome for fifty years based on materials of the printed reports of maternity services, 1840-1890]. Novgorod: Tipografiya I.I. Ignatovskogo. 448 p.
Miljutin V. (1946). Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Selected works]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury. 448 p.
Minh A.H. (1890). Narodnye obychai, sueveriya, predrassudki i obryady krest'yan Saratovskoy gubernii [Folk customs, superstitions, prejudices and rituals of the peasants of Saratov province]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya V. Bezobrazova i K°. 152 p.
Mironov B.N. (1990). Russkiy gorod v 1740—1860-e gody: Demograficheskoe, sotsial'noe i ekonomicheskoe razvitie [The Russian city in the 1740s-1860s: Demographic, social and economic development]. Leningrad: Nauka. 271 p.
Mironov B.N. (1991). Istoriya v tsifrakh [History in numbers]. Leningrad: Nauka. 165 p.
Mironov B.N. (2012). Blagosostoyanie naseleniya i revolyutsii v imperskoy Rossii, XVIII-nachalo ХХ veka [The welfare of the population and revolution in Imperial Russia XVIII-beginning of XX century]. Moscow: Ves' mir. 844 p.
Mironov B.N. (2014). Rossiyskaya imperiya: ot traditsii k modernu: v 3 t. [The Russian Empire: from tradition to modernity: in 3 vol]. 1. Saint Petersburg: Dmitrij Bulanin. 896 p.
Mironov B.N. (2015). Rossiyskaya imperiya: ot traditsii k modernu: v 3 t. [The Russian Empire: from tradition to modernity: in 3 vol]. 3. Saint Petersburg: Dmitrij Bulanin. 992 p.
Moiseenko T.L. (1984). Metody izucheniya vnutrisemeynogo kontrolya nad rozhdaemost'yu : (obzor) [Methods of study of family control of fertility (review)] // Demografiya zapadnoevropeyskogo Srednevekov'ya v sovremennoy zarubezhnoy istoriografii : K XVI Mezhdunar. kongressu ist. nauk (Shtutgart, 1985) [The Demography of the Western European Middle Ages in Modern Foreign Historiography: For the XVI International Congress East. Sciences (Stuttgart, 1985)]. Referativnyy sbornik [Collection of abstracts]. Moscow: INION: 73—86.
Muhina Z.Z. (2012). Plodoizgnanie i kontratseptsiya v traditsionnoy krest'yanskoy kul'ture Evropeyskoy Rossii (vtoraya polovina XIX-30-e gg. ХХ v.) [Abortion and contraception in the traditional peasant culture of European Russia (second half XIX to the 30s of XX century)] // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethnographic review]. 3: 147-160.
Nikologorsky S.A. (2012). Semeynyy vopros v rossiyskoy publitsistike kontsa XIX—nachala ХХ veka: avtoref. ... kand. ist. nauk [The family question in Russian journalism of the late XIX—early XX century: PhD abstract]. Moscow: Moskovskiy gosuarstvennyy universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova. 30 p.
Novikova N. (2000). Liberal'nyy feminizm v Rossii i na Zapade: opyt sravnitel'nogo analiza [Liberal feminism in Russia and the West: an attempt at a comparative analysis]. URL: www.kennan.yar.ru/seminars/novikova-24102000.html (accessed: 01.10.2017).
Novoselsky S.A. (1916a). Obzor glavneyshikh dannykh po demografii i sanitarnoy statistike Rossii [Overview of the most important data on demographic and health statistics in Russia] // Kalendar' dlya vrachey vsekh vedomstv na 1916 god: v 2 ch. [Calendar for physicians of all departments in 1916: in 2 vol]. 2. Saint Petersburg: K.L. Riker: 14-93.
Novoselsky S.A. (1916b). Smertnost' i prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni v Rossii [Mortality and life expectancy in Russia]. Petrograd: Tipografiya Ministerstva vnutrennikh del. 208 p.
Novoselsky S.A. (1978). Demografiya i statistika: izbrannye proizvedeniya [Demography and statistics: Selected works]. Moscow: Statistika. 269 p.
Novoselsky S.A. (1914). K voprosu o ponizhenii smertnosti i rozhdaemosti v Rossii [The question of the reduction of mortality and fertility in Russia]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya MVD. 16 p.
• sostave i dvizhenii naseleniya po guberniyam Nizhegorodskoy i Yaroslavskoy [On the composition and movement of population in the provinces of Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl] (1861). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya S.N. Bekeneva. 105 p.
Obshchiy svod po imperii rezul'tatov razrabotki dannykh Pervoy vseobshchey perepisi naseleniya, proizvedennoy 28 yanvarya 1897 g. [General digest of the results of the formulation of data for the Empire from the First General census of the population produced 28 January 1897] (1905). V 2 t. [In 2 vol.] / N.A. Trojnicky, ed. Saint Petersburg: N.L. Nyrkin.
Otchet Ministerstva yustitsii za 1834—1840 god [The report of the Ministry of justice for [1834—1840] (1835—1841). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Pravitel’stvuiushchego Senata.
Otchet X obshchego sobraniya Russkoy gruppy Mezhdunarodnogo soyuza kriminalistov 13-16 fevralya 1914 g. v Peterburge [Report of the X General meeting of the Russian group of the International Union of criminologists 13-16 Feb 1914 in St. Petersburg] (1916). Petrograd. 400 p.
Pamjatnaja knizhka Voronezhskoj gubernii na 1861 god [Yearbook of Voronezh province in 1861] (1861). Voronezh: Tipografiya V. Gol'dshtejna. 358 p.
Pamjatnaja knizhka Voronezhskoj gubernii na 1870—71 god [Yearbook of Voronezh province in the year 1870-71] (1871). Voronezh: Tipografiya V. Gol'dshtejna. 346 p.
Patterns of first marriage: timing and prevalence (1990). New York: United Nations. 327 p.
Perepis' Moskvy 1902 goda [The census of Moscow 1902] (1904). V 4 vyp. [In 4 parts]. 1. Naselenie. [Population]. 1. Naselenie po polu, vozrastu, mestorozhdeniyu, prodolzhitel'nosti prebyvaniya v Moskve, semeynomu sostoyaniyu, sosloviyam, gramotnosti i stepeni obrazovaniya [Population by sex, age, birthplace, duration of stay in Moscow, family composition, estate, literacy and level of education]. Moscow: Stat. otd. Mosk. Gor. upravy 155 p.
Petrograd po perepisi naseleniya 15 dekabrya 1910 goda: naselenie [Petrograd census of the population 15 Dec 1910: population] (1915). V 2 ch. [In 2 vol.] Ed. by Vladimir Stepanov. 1. Petrograd: Izdanie Gorodskoy upravy po Statisticheskomu otdeleniyu. 339 p.
Pilsudskij B. (1910). Rody, beremennost', vykidyshi, bliznetsy, urody, besplodie i plodovitost' u tuzemtsev ostrova Sakhalina [Childbirth, pregnancy, miscarriage, twins, deformity, infertility and fertility of the natives of the island of Sakhalin] // Zhivaya starina [Living antiquity]. 73-74. I–II: 22-48.
Popov A.A. (1994). Kratkaya istoriya aborta i demograficheskoy politiki v Rossii [A brief history of abortion and demographic policy in Russia] // Planirovanie sem'i v Evrope [Family planning in Europe]. 1: 5-7.
Popov G.I. (1903). Russkaya narodno-bytovaya meditsina: Po materialam etnograficheskogo byuro kn. V.N. Tenisheva [Russian folk-domestic medicine : According to materials of the ethnographic bureau book of V.N. Tenishev]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya A.S. Suvorina. 404 p.
Poprocky M. (1864). Kaluzhskaya guberniya. V 2 t. [Kaluga province: in 2 vol.]. 1. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Je. Vejmara. 706 p.
Preobrazhensky I. (1901). Otechestvennaya tserkov' po statisticheskim dannym s 1840-41 po 1890-91 gg. [The Russian Church according to statistics from 1840-41 and 1890-91]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya E. Evdokimova. 236 p.
PS3: Polnoe sobranie zakonov. [PS3: Complete collection of laws] (1850). St. Petersburg: Tip. Vtorogo otd. sob. EIV kants. T. 35. Otd. 1. No, 23906
Complete collection of laws (1850) vol.35. section 1. № 23906. SPb .: Printing office of the Second Section of his Imperial Majesty's own registry. канцелярии.
Ptuha M. (1928). Smertnost' 11 narodnostey Evropeyskoy Rossii v kontse XIX veka [Mortality in 11 Nations in European Russia in the late XIX century]. Kiev: TsSU Uainy. 56 p.
Rabinovich M.G. (1978). Ocherki etnografii russkogo feodal'nogo goroda: Gorozhane, ikh obshchestvennyy i domashniy byt [Essays on the ethnography of the Russian feudal city: Citizens, their public and home life]. Moscow: Nauka. 328 p.
Ransel D. (1982). Problems in measuring illegitimacy in prerevolutionary Russia // Journal of social history 16 (2): 11-27.
Ransel D.L. (1988). Mothers of misery: child abandonment in Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton university press. 300 p.
Ransel D.L. (2000). Village mothers: three generations of change in Russia and Tataria. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana university press. 314 p.
Rashin A.G. (1956). Naselenie Rossii za 100 let (1811-1913 gg.) [The population of Russia for 100 years (1811-1913)]. Statisticheskie ocherki [Statistical essays]. Moscow: Gosstatizdat. 352 p.
Riddle J.M. (1997). Eve’s herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in the West. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard university press. 352 p.
Riddle J.M. (2001). Birth, contraception, and abortion // Encyclopedia of European social history from 1350 to 2000. In 6 vols. 2 / P. Stearns, ed. New York etc. : Charles Scribner’s Sons: 181-191.
Roleder G. (1909). Kak predupredit' beremennost' [How to prevent pregnancy]. Moscow: Tipografiya S.P. Semenova. 87 p.
Rozanov N.P. (2004). Vospominaniya starogo moskvicha [Memories of an old Muscovite]. Moscow: Russkiy mir". 429 p.
Russkie krest'yane. Zhizn'. Byt. Nravy [The Russian peasants: Life, home, customs] (2004-2017). Materialy «Etnograficheskogo byuro» knyazya V.N. Tenisheva [Materials of «The Ethnographic Bureau» of Prince V.N. Tenishev]. l. Kostromskaya i Tverskaya gubernii [Kostroma and Tver provinces]. 2. Yaroslavskaya guberniya [Yaroslavl province]. 3. Kaluzhskaya guberniya [Kaluga province]. 4. Nizhegorodskaya guberniya [Nizhny Novgorod province]. 5. Vologodskaya guberniya [Vologda province]. 6. Kurskaya, Moskovskaya, Olonetskaya, Pskovskaya, Sankt-Peterburgskaya i Tul'skaya gubernii [Kursk, Moscow, Olonets, Pskov, St. Petersburg and Tula province]. 7. Novgorodskaya guberniya [Novgorod province]. 9. Kazanskaya guberniya. Spasskiy i Laishevskiy uezdy [Kazan province. Laishevsky and Spassky districts]. Saint Petersburg: Delovaya poligrafiya.
Sadvokasova E.A. (1969). Sotsial'no-gigienicheskie aspekty regulirovaniya razmerov sem'i [Socio-hygienic aspects of family planning]. Moscow: Meditsina. 191 p.
Sankt-Peterburg (1868). Sankt-Peterburg: issledniya po istorii, topografii i statistike stolitsy [Sankt-Peterburg: A study of the history, topography, and statistics of the capital]. V 3 t. [In 3 vol.]. 3. 1. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya V. Bezobrazova. 207 p.
Sbornik statistiko-ekonomicheskikh svedeniy po sel'skomu khozyaystvu Rossii i inostrannykh gosudarstv [Collection of statistical and economic information on the agriculture of Russia and foreign states] (1917). God devyatyy [Ninth year]. Petrograd: Tipografiya I.F. Vaysberga. 649 p.
Sbornik svedeniy po Rossii za 1884-1885 gg. [Collection of information on Russia in 1884-1885] (1887). Saint Petersburg: Tsentral'nyy statisticheskiy komitet Ministersva vnutrennikh del. 295 p.
Semenov Ju.I. (1996). Perezhitki pervobytnykh form otnosheniya polov v obychayakh russkikh krest'yan XIX-nachala XX v. [Vestiges of the primitive forms of gender relations in the customs of the Russian peasants in the XIX to the beginning of XX century] // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [The ethnographic review]. 1: 39-46.
Semenova-Tjan-Shanskaja O.P. (1914). Zhizn' «Ivana»: ocherki iz byta krest'yan odnoy iz chernozemnykh guberniy [The life of "Ivan": essays from the life of the peasants of the black earth provinces]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya M.M. Stasyulevicha. 135 p.
Shcherbinin P.P. (2002). Nezakonnorozhdennye deti v sem'yakh soldatok v XVIII-XIX vv. [Illegitimate children in the families of the wives of soldiers in the XVIII-XIX centuries] // Sotsial'naya istoriya rossiyskoy provintsii v kontekste modernizatsii agrarnogo obshchestva v XVII-XX vv. [Social history of the Russian province in the context of the modernization of agrarian society in the XVII-XX centuries]. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii (may 2002) [Materials of the international conference (May 2002)] / V.V. Kanischev, ed. Tambov: Izdatel'stvo TGU: 142-146.
Shcherbinin P.P. (2004). Voennyy faktor v povsednevnoy zhizni russkoy zhenshchiny v XVIII-nachale ХХ v. [The military factor in the daily life of Russian women in the XVIII-early XX century]. Tambov: Yulis. 507 p.
Sifman R.I. (1977). Dinamika chislennosti naseleniya Rossii za 1897-1914 gg. [Dynamics of population numbers in Russia in 1897-1914] // Brachnost', rozhdaemost', sem'ya v Rossii i v SSSR [Nuptiality, fertility, and family in Russia and in the USSR] / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Statistika: 62-82.
Sinkevich G.P. (1929). Vologodskaya krest'yanka i ee rebenok [The Vologda peasant and her child]. Moscow; Leningrad: Gosudarstvenoe meditsinskoe izdatel'stvo. 90 p.
Stajts R. (2004). Zhenskoe osvoboditel'noe dvizhenie v Rossii: Feminizm, nigilizm i bol'shevizm, 1860—1930 [The women's liberation movement in Russia: Feminism, nihilism and Bolshevism, 1860-1930]. Moscow: Rosspen. 616 p.
Stal' N.E (1867). Penzenskaya guberniya [Penza province]. V 2 ch. [In 2 vol.]. 2. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Burgelya. 469 p.
Statisticheskiy ezhegodnik Rossii 1914 g. [Statistical Yearbook of Russia 1914] (1915). II. Petrograd: Tipografiya Shtaba Petrogradskogo voennogo okruga. 119 p.
Statisticheskiy ezhegodnik Rossii 1915 g. [Statistical Yearbook of Russia 1915] (1916). II. Petrograd: CSK. 58 p.
Statisticheskiy ezhegodnik Rossii 1916 g. [Statistical Yearbook of Russia 1916] (1918). 1. Moscow: Tipografiya Moskovskogo Soveta rabochikh, soldatskikh i krest'yanskikh deputatov. 90 p.
Statisticheskiy ezhegodnik S.-Peterburga za 1901—1902 gg. [Statistical Yearbook of St. Petersburg for 1901-1902] (1905). Saint Petersburg: S.-Peterburgskaya gorodskaya tipografiya. 761 p.
Stites R. (1991). The women's liberation movement in Russia: feminism, nihilism, and bolshevism, 1860-1930. Princeton: Princeton university press. 464 p.
Svod statisticheskikh svedeniy po delam ugolovnym proizvedennym v 1873, 1892, 1913 godu [Digest of statistical information on criminal cases made in 1873, 1892, 1913 year] (1875, 1896, 1916). Saint Petersburg: Ministerstvo yustitsii.
Svod zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii [Digest of the laws of the Russian Empire] (1857). X. 1. Zakony grazhdanskie [The civil laws]. Saint Petersburg: Vtoroe otdelenie sobstvennoy ego imperatorskogo velichestva kantselyarii. 491, 104 p.
Tikhonov V.P. (1891). Materialy dlya izucheniya obychnogo prava sredi krest'yan Sarapul'skogo uezda Vyatskoy gubernii [Materials for the study of customary law among the peasants of Sarapul district of Vyatka province] // Sbornik svedeniy dlya izucheniya byta krest'yanskogo naseleniya Rossii [Collection of information for the study of life of the peasant population of Russia]. 3. / N. Haruzin, ed. Moscow: Tipografiya A. Levenson i K. 146 p.
Tishkin G.A. (1995). Zhenskiy vopros v istorii Rossii [The woman question in the history of Russia] // Feminizm i rossiyskaya kul'tura [Feminism and Russian culture] / G.A. Tishkin, ed. Saint Petersburg: SPbGAK: 138–167.
Tolts M.S. (1977). Brachnost' naseleniya Rossii v kontse XIX-nachale XX v. [Nuptiality of the population of Russia in the late XIX-early XX century] // Brachnost', rozhdaemost', smertnost' v Rossii i v SSSR [Nuptiality, fertility, and mortality in Russia and in the USSR] / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Statistika: 138–153.
Tomilin S.A. (1987). K voprosu o plodovitosti krest'yanki i vliyanii ee na detskuyu smertnost' [On the question of peasant fertility and its effect on child mortality] // Sovetskaya demografiya za 70 let [Soviet demography in 70 years] / T.V. Rjabushkin, ed. Moscow: Nauka: 107-109.
Tretiy s"ezd Obshchestva russkikh vrachey v pamyat' N.I. Pirogova v S.-Peterburge (3-10 yanvarya 1889 g.): polnyy otchet [The third Congress of the N.I. Pirogov Society of Russian physicians, St. Petersburg (3-10 January 1889): full report] (1889). Saint Petersburg. 441 p.
Trubnikov V.V. (1858). Rezul'taty narodnykh perepisey v Ardatovskom uezde Simbirskoy gubernii [The results of the national census in the Ardatov district of Simbirsk province] // Sbornik statisticheskikh svedeniy o Rossii, izdavaemyy RGO [Collection of statistical information on Russia, published by RGO]. 3. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Morskogo ministerstva: 343-427.
Uspensky G.I. (1954). Polnoe sobranie sochineniy [Complete collection of works]. V 14 t. [In 14 vol.]. 8. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 647 p.
Van-der-Born R. (1909). Izbezhanie materinstva v svyazi s gigienoy braka, s tochki zreniya sovremennoy meditsiny [The avoidance of maternity in connection with the hygiene of marriage, from the point of view of modern medicine]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya tovarishchestva «Gramotnost'». 144 p.
Veremenko V.A. (2007). Dvoryanskaya sem'ya i gosudarstvennaya politika Rossii (vtoraya polovina XIX—XX v.) [The noble family and the state policy of Russia (second half XIX—XX century)]. Saint Petersburg: Evropeyskiy dom. 622 p.
Vigdorchik N.A. (1914). Detskaya smertnost' sredi peterburgskikh rabochikh [The infant mortality rate among St. Petersburg workers] // Obshchestvennyy vrach [Public doctor]. 2: 212-253.
Vishnevsky A.G. (1977). Rannie etapy stanovleniya novogo tipa rozhdaemosti v Rossii [Early stages of the formation of a new type of fertility in Russia] // Brachnost', rozhdaemost', smertnost' v Rossii i v SSSR [Marriages, births and deaths in Russia and in the USSR] / A.G. Vishnevsky, ed. Moscow: Statistika: 105-135.
Vishnevsky A.G. (2005). Demograficheskaya revolyutsiya [The demographic revolution] // Vishnevskij A.G. Izbrannye demograficheskie trudy [Selected demographic works]. Moscow: Nauka. 1: 5-216.
Vishnevsky A.G., M.S. Tolts (1988). Evolyutsiya brachnosti i rozhdaemosti v sovetskiy period [The evolution of nuptiality and fertility in the Soviet period] // Naselenie SSSR za 70 let [The population of the USSR for 70 years] / L.L. Rybakovsky, ed. Moscow: Nauka: 75-114.
Vladimirsky-Budanov M. F. (1900). Obzor istorii russkogo prava [An overview of the history of Russian law]. Kiev; Saint Petersburg: N.Ya. Golobin. 674 p.
Voenno-statisticheskiy sbornik [Military statistical collection] (1871). 4. Rossiya [Russia]. 1. / N.N. Obruchev, ed. Saint Petersburg: Voennaya tipografiya. 922 p.
Vojcehovsky A.I. (1888). Ob odnom narodnom abortivnom sredstve [About one people's abortion method] // Protokoly i trudy obshchestva elisavetgradskikh vrachey za 1886-1887 gg. [Minutes and papers of the society Elisavetgrad doctors for 1886-1887.] Saint Petersburg: 37-41.
Vosproizvodstvo naseleniya SSSR [The reproduction of the population of the USSR] (1983) / A.G. Vishnevsky, A.G. Volkov, eds. Moscow: Finansy i statistika. 303 p.
Vsepoddanneyshiy otchet ober-prokurora Svyateyshego Sinoda po vedomstvu pravoslavnogo ispovedaniya za 1842-1914 god [The most humble report of the chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the institution of the Orthodox confession for 1842-1914] (1842-1914). Saint Petersburg: Sinodal'naya tipografiya.
Vsepoddanneyshiy otchet ober-prokurora Svyateyshego Sinoda po vedomstvu pravoslavnogo ispovedaniya za 1913, 1914 god [The most humble report of the chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the institution of the Orthodox confession for 1913, 1914] (1915). Saint Petersburg: Sinodal'naya tipografiya. 142 p.
Zabolotnaja L.P. (2010). Imeli li zhenshchiny pravo na razvod v Moldove XVI-XVII vv.? [Did women have had the right to divorce in Moldova in the XVI-XVIIth centuries?] // Sotsial'naya istoriya. Ezhegodnik 2009 [Social history. Yearbook 2009]. Moscow: Aleteyya: 9-22.
Zakharov S.V. (2002). Rozhdaemost' v Rossii: pervyy i vtoroy demograficheskiy perekhod [The birth rate in Russia: the first and second demographic transition] // Demograficheskaja modernizacija, chastnaja zhizn' i identichnost' v Rossii [Demographic modernization, private life and identity in Russia]. Tezisy dokladov [Abstracts]. Nauchnaya konferentsiya [Scientific conference]. Moskva, 27–28 fevralya [Moscow, February 27-28]. Moscow: TsDECh INP RAN, Institut etnologii i antropologii RAN: 19-26.
Zakharov S.V. (2003). Demograficheskiy perekhod i vosproizvodstvo pokoleniy v Rossii [Demographic transition and the replacement of generations in Russia] // Voprosy statistiki [Questions of statistics]. 11: 3-12.
Zhbankov D.N. (1922). O polovoy zhizni uchashchikhsya zhenshchin [On the sexual life of female students] // Vrachebnoe delo [Medical Practice]. 10/12.
