Факторы роста ожидаемой продолжительности жизни: кластерный анализ по странам мира
Аннотация
Повышение ожидаемой продолжительности жизни до 80 лет к 2030 г. – одна из провозглашенных национальных целей развития страны. Для ее достижения важно понимать, какие факторы влияют на ожидаемую продолжительность жизни и могут быть, в свою очередь, объектами управляющего воздействия государства. В работе ставится цель выявить основные детерминанты продолжительности жизни населения в группах стран, различающихся уровнем продолжительности жизни, и показать место России в этом ряду. Для этого используются данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения и Всемирного банка по 82 странам мира, проводится дескриптивный, кластерный и корреляционный анализ. Проведенный анализ демонстрирует, что продолжительность жизни в России намного ниже, чем в странах с сопоставимым уровнем экономического развития и расходов на здравоохранение. Показано, что в зависимости от принадлежности стран к разным кластерам по уровню продолжительности жизни на здоровье населения влияют различные факторы и в неодинаковой мере: развитие экономики, в том числе здравоохранения, урбанизация, питание, нездоровый образ жизни. В заключение приводятся рекомендации для государственной политики.
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Литература
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