Оценка трансфертов времени внутри домохозяйств
Аннотация
Статья посвящена исследованию трансфертов времени между членами российских домашних хозяйств, определению роли женщин и мужчин в производстве и потреблении домашних услуг, а также оценке «невидимого» для рыночной экономики домашнего труда. Исследование основано на методологии, разработанной в рамках глобального проекта ООН «Национальные трансфертные счета». На эмпирических данных изучена асимметрия в распределении домашних обязанностей между мужчинами и женщинами, показано, что женщины за сутки, в среднем, производят почти на 3 часа больше временных трансфертов по сравнению с мужчинами. Таким образом, женщины с 20 до 80 лет являются производителями домашних услуг для всех членов семьи. С учетом работы по дому, 8-часовой рабочий день женщин на рынке труда ежедневно может продлеваться почти на 40%. Традиционные выводы о большем вкладе женщин как в экономику заботы, так и в ведение домашнего хозяйства подкреплены оригинальными выводами о наличии возрастных пиков у мужчин и женщин в производстве и потреблении трансфертов времени; построена матрица межпоколенческих и межгендерных трансфертов времени. Оценка «невидимого» для рыночной экономики продукта составила 25,3% ВВП в 2014 г.
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Литература
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